Safer Roads: A Call for Effective Public Policy
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Motor travel has had a profound impact on the modern world. Local transport systems have changed lifestyles. And yet, there is a tragic downside: mass injury, disability and death. In the WHO Southeast Asia Region for instance, approximately 3,16,000 people die every year on the roads, which is around 865 fatalities each day. 20 to 50 times that number are injured or disabled and require long-term care. Road fatalities are the leading cause of death among young persons. This devastating toll is often linked to rising rates of vehicle ownership. That is simply not true. High-income countries account for just 10% of road deaths, despite having 46% the world’s motor vehicles. The deaths are also explained away by reference to ‘human error’, again, a fallacy.
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Though the behaviour of road users matters, poor public policy is at the root of the problem. The vast majority of ‘accidents’ could have been avoided by better use of road safety technology such as barriers, rumble strips or signage. Their impact could also have been lessened by safer vehicles. Good policy can also bring about immediate change. Action in four key areas can diminish injury and death on roads across the Southeast Asia Region. First, road safety authorities must have the data needed to act efficiently. Good data allow authorities to analyse and understand the factors causing road crashes, as well as to devise and implement cost-effective solutions. This could be as minor as installing a guardrail on a switchback, or as substantial as demolishing a high-risk road and building it anew.
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Second, infrastructure must be tailored to the needs of vulnerable road users. On average 50% of road deaths occur among pedestrians, cyclists and motor cyclists. In some countries, this figure rises to more than 80%. Bicycle lanes, pedestrian crossings and enforcement of helmet laws among other interventions can dramatically reduce these numbers. And they can do so in a way that makes our cities less car-dependent. Third, motor vehicles must be manufactured to higher safety standards. Just two of the region’s countries currently apply any of the seven priority international vehicle safety standards, such as seat belts and electronic stability control. These are India, which implements two of the seven priorities, and Thailand which implements one of the seven. Not a single country applies all.
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Priority safety features should be present in all new vehicles; for this, the inclusion of more advanced technologies should be encouraged. Consumers have immense power in making this happen. Finally, the response to post-crash emergencies must be increased. When every second counts, a nationwide emergency phone service is critical. So too are efficient pre-hospital response and hospital trauma care systems. Steps should be taken to enhance early rehabilitation and support for road crash victims. It will also reduce health-care usage over the life-course. Still, as safe as our roads become, they will never be entirely human-proof. Each one of us can limit the prospect of an incident and protect ourselves and our loved ones by slowing down, by desisting from drunk-driving, by using seat belts and child restraints, and, when riding a motorcycle, by wearing a helmet. As motor vehicle ownership increases, and as countries seek to advance public health and productivity, creating safer roads through good public policy is both readily achievable and necessary.
