Problems based on time and work which are asked in CAT can easily be solved by applying an alternate concept which is the method of LCM.
Using LCM method, Time and Work problems which appear in CAT are solved quickly and efficiently. In this article, I will be focusing on the application of this method.
Let us take some CAT like question on Time and Work to understand this concept.
Question 1: Rakesh alone can do a work in 10 days. Brijesh can do the same job in 15 days. If both Rakesh and Brijesh work together, then in how many days the work will get completed?
Explanation:
Assume that the total work to be LCM of 10 and 15 =30 units.
Rakesh can complete 30 units of work in 10 days. That means in one day Rakesh can complete 30/10 = 3 units of work.
Similarly, Brijeh can complete 30 units of work in 15 days. Or, we can say that in one day Brijesh can complete 30/15 = 2 units of work.
Now, if both Rakesh and Brijesh work together the amount of work completed by them in one day =3 + 2 =5 units of the work.
Therefore, the number of days taken by them together to complete the work = 30/5 = 6 days.
From the above example, it is clear that the method of LCM is not only simple to understand but also easy to apply.
A student who is very new to this topic must deliberately apply this method wherever possible to get hold of the approach.
Shortcut: If two people take X and Y days respectively to complete a work alone, then together they will complete it in XxY/(X+Y) days.
Let us take more examples to see how we apply the method of LCM to get the answer.
Question 2: Arun, Barun and Tarun can do a work alone in 10, 12 and 15 days respectively. If all three work together then in how many days does the job get completed?
Explanation:
LCM of 10,12 and 15 = 60.
Assume that the total work is of 60 units.
Amount of work done by Arun in one day = 60/10 = 6 units per day.
Similarly, the amount of work done by Barun in one day = 60/12 = 5 units per day.
And the amount of work done by Tarun 60/15 = 4 units per day.
So if all three together work then the amount of work done in one day = 6 + 5 + 4 = 15 units per day
Therefore, the number of days required to complete the work = 60/15 = 4 days.
Question 3: Tilak, Mukesh, and Sonali can complete a work in 10, 12 and 15 days respectively. All three agree to complete the work together. After 2 days, Tilak leaves the work. Mukesh left the job 3 days before the completion of the work. Sonali alone continues until the work got completed. How many days did it take to complete the task?
Explanation:
LCM of 10,12 and 15 = 60.
Assume that the total work is of 60 units and let us assume that it took X days for it to complete.
Work done by Tilak= 60/10 = 6 units per day.
Similarly, the work done by Mukesh =60/12 = 5 units per day.
And, the work done by Sonali = 60/50 = 4 unit per day.
We know all three didn’t contribute till the end of the work.
As Tilak worked only for 2 days, his contribution= 6 x 2 = 12 units.
Also, Mukesh left the work 3 days before the completion, so he worked for X-3 days. Therefore, his contribution = 5(X-3) units.
Similarly, the contribution of Sonali = 4X.
If we add the contribution of all three, then the total unit has to be equal to 60.
Or, 12 +5(X-3) +4X=60.
Or, X=7 days.
From the above three examples, it is clear that the method of LCM is quite helpful in solving elementary questions based on time and work.
There are other varieties of questions which are framed from time and work, and it is always advisable to solve all the variations to make oneself comfortable with this topic.
Let us discuss such types of questions from time and work, which frequently appear in competitive exams.
Time and Work Concept of efficiency for CAT
If the same work is given to two people, say A and B, and if A is more efficient than B, then it is evident that A will take less number of days than B to complete the same work. We can also deduce that efficiency is inversely proportional to the number of days taken to finish the job.
Important: If A can finish a work in X days and B is K times as efficient as A, then the time required by both A and B working together to finish the job will be X/(1+K).
Normal method
Let us assume that Mayank complete 1 unit of work per day. Also, the total work =10 units.
Since Mahesh is two times as efficient as Mayank, then Mahesh can do 2 units of work per day.
Now, if they both work together, then the unit of work they can complete in one day equals one plus two i.e. three units.
Therefore, the number of days taken by them together =10/3 days
Applying the direct shortcut
Comparing with the formula we have X =10 and K=2.
Therefore, the number of days taken by them together =10/3 days
Important: A is K times as good a worker as B, and takes X days less than B to finish the work. Then the amount of time required by A and B working together=KX/(K^2-1) days.
Normal method
Let us assume that Rahul alone takes x days to complete the work.
As we know, efficiency is inversely proportional to days, the number of days taken by Durgesh to complete the same work = 3x.
Therefore, Rahul is taking 3x-x = 2x days less than Durgesh; thus, 2x = 8 or x = 4.
Hence we can say that Rahul and Durgesh alone take 4 and 12 days respectively to complete the work.
Therefore together they will be taking 4 x 12/(4+12)=3 days.
Shortcut: using the formula we get = 3×8/(3^2-1)=3 days.
Let us take more questions based on the above concepts which will strengthen our understanding in solving problems related to time and work.
Solved questions on time and work for CAT Exam
Question 1: Ram and Shyam working together can finish a work in 12 days. If Ram alone can do the same job in 20 days, then in how many days Shyam alone can complete the task?
Explanation:
LCM of 12 and 20 equal 60.
Assume that the total work is of 60 units.
Work done by Ram in one day = 60/20 = 3 units.
Similarly, work done by both Ram and Shyam in one-day = 60/12 =5 units.
Therefore, work done by Shyam in one day equals 5-3 =2 units.
Hence, the time taken by Shyam to complete the work alone = 60/2 = 30 days.
Question 2: Three friends, Akash, Bhairav, and Charan can do a piece of work in 12, 18 and 24 days respectively. They work at it together. Akash stops the job after 4 days, and Bhairav is called off two days before the work is finished. In how many days was the work completed?
Explanation:
LCM of 12, 18 and 24 =72.
Total Work= 72 units.
Akash can complete 72/12 = 6 units of work per day.
Bhairav and complete 72/18 = 4 units of work per day.
Charan can complete 72/24 = 3 units of work per day.
Let us assume that it took X days to complete the work.
As Akash worked only for 4 days, the units of work contributed by him= 4×6 =24 units.
Similarly, contribution of Bhairav =4(X-2) units and contribution of Charan = 3X units.
Adding the contributions of all 3 we get
24+4(X-2) +3X=72.
Or, X=8 days.
Question 3: Two candles of the same length are lighted at the same time. The first is consumed in 6 hours and the second in 4 hours. Assuming that each candle burns at a constant rate in how many hours after being lighted was the first candle twice the length of the second?
Explanation:
LCM of 6 and 4 = 12. Let us assume that both the candles are of length 12 cm each.
The rate of burning of first candle = 12/6=2 cm per hour.
Similarly, the rate of burning of second candle = 12/4 = 3 cm per hour.
Also, let us assume that it takes x hours after which the first candle is twice the length of the second.
The length of the first candle burned in x hours=2x cms. So, the length remaining = (12-2x) cm
The length of the second candle burned in x hours = 3x cms. So, the length remaining = (12-3x) cm
As per the question,
12-2x=2(12-3x)
x=3 hours.
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2 Responses
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Thanks a lottt.